Grok Bot Summary of SpaceX CFO Bret Johnsen at Goldman Sachs Communacopia today. Vertical integration Vertical integration is the company’s core operating model, not a side strategy. - Rockets: own metal → engines → avionics → software - Starlink: own launch, satellites, and the end customer - AI: build facilities and power themselves, run their own models, sell to consumer and enterprise, and soon orbital compute Starship and launch Starship is the foundation for every other business. - Flight 13: big learning flight. Delivered demo V3 payloads, relit a Raptor, and got a soft, precise second-stage splashdown. Recovery team towed the stage back so engineers could study the heat shield. - Those learnings feed straight into Flight 14 and beyond. - Flight 14 (later this month): first revenue-generating Starship flight, flying production V3 Starlink satellites. - Later this year: aim to recover both first and second stages. Orbital compute Most of the AI industry agrees orbital compute is the future. Almost everyone else thinks it’s many years away. SpaceX disagrees because they control the stack. - Target: first orbital compute satellites next year - Scale: big compute in space into 2028 - Hardware approach: same V3 bus as Starlink, swap the payload, add larger solar arrays Why orbital can beat terrestrial on cost The crossover is about Starship reusability. - Falcon 9: first-stage reuse since Dec 2015; 500+ booster reflights - Starship: first stage already recovered/reflown; second-stage recovery progressing - Goal: reflight of both stages as soon as next year, which drops deployment cost sharply Terrestrial compute is getting more expensive (power, cooling, buildings, real estate). Orbital rides the opposite curve: cheaper rockets + better/cheaper satellites + scale. Johnsen said cost parity could come as soon as next year. Terrestrial compute and the $100B ARR goal - End of this year: on track for ~$100B ARR (annualizing the December number) - New update: another hosting deal closed earlier this month → about $1.1B/month starting Dec 1 → roughly +$13B ARR - Capacity: end this year well over 2 GW; next year 5–10 GW deployed - Confidence comes from line of sight to power, facilities, and permitting, plus being NVIDIA-exclusive for allocation - They stand compute up fast for themselves and for industry partners, which strengthens the NVIDIA relationship How they monetize compute Most hosting deals are short: ~90 days with a 90-day out (~6-month commits), including the newest deal. Why keep them short? - High conviction in their own products (Grok, Grok Bot, Cursor team after closing that deal) - Don’t want to lock forever capacity they may need internally - Internal bar: don’t let internal monetization fall below external hosting Earnings framing for next year: roughly $30–$50 per watt monetization range; they said they’re at the high end. Hosting customers appear to monetize even higher, which is why demand stays strong. Payback is under one year on new compute capex, so residual GPU value and financing options look attractive. “Not all CapEx is the same” — GPUs with <1-year payback are different from a launch tower built for decades. AI products and M&A Historically SpaceX was almost all organic growth. This year they did M&A because the AI product cycle rewards speed to frontier. - Closed Cursor deal weeks ago; product cycles already accelerating (called out Grok Bot) - Grok 4.6 improved on 4.5; 4.7 coming soon - Pitch: best infrastructure + competitive model + lower token cost = best position for customers - Market mood shift: months ago people bought the infra story but doubted the products; ~90 days later that skepticism is fading Starlink broadband Started as “better than nothing” (~2020–21). Now enterprise-grade with strong uptime/SLAs. - Resiliency pitch: boards will ask why Starlink wasn’t in the network if you go down - Mobility: aircraft backlog is large and production is ramping; cruise ships, yachts, trains too - Awareness, especially outside the US, is still a growth unlock - Longer-term: physical AI (robots, cars, aircraft) will need always-on connectivity terrestrial networks can’t fully cover Mobile / direct-to-cell Not a distraction. Same V3 bus, different payload. - Fly direct-to-device satellites through next year - Target service turn-on: first half of 2028 - V1 today (e.g. T-Mobile / T-SAT): text / light voice, great for emergencies and dead zones - Next gen: full 5G-quality from space - US: mid-band spectrum from EchoStar, FCC path for space + terrestrial - Go-to-market: flexible — own terrestrial build, or partner with carriers - International: same regulator-by-regulator playbook as broadband (Starlink now in 170+ countries) Near-term priorities: 1. Starship (enables everything else) 2. Terrestrial compute (funds growth and teaches them how to do orbital) Bottom line in one line Own the full stack, make Starship reusable at scale, use terrestrial AI compute as a cash engine now, and use the same satellite bus + Starship cadence to win broadband, mobile, and orbital AI.

Reinventing Boring. I have been fascinated my the latent potential for a 10-100x improvement in neglected and formerly unattractive industrial businesses that lacked a new entrant for decades (e.g., aerospace, automotive & construction). I be looking for more in the Future :)

I bought a Tesla in July and have basically retired from driving. If you can afford to you should too. It’s the most dangerous thing you do every day and Tesla’s robots are better at it.

Tesla is by far the best car on the market. FSD will change your life

If you want to solve AI alignment issues, train a model to take you from home to the office and back with no pedals or steering. You will solve it really quickly.

With an Internet connection, you can learn anything and sell your products to a global market, which enables prosperity

Some recent quality-of-life improvements to Grok Bot. You can ask your Bot to draft messages inline for you to approve before sending.

Macron, at 🇫🇷 Paris Space Summit, just put dates on Europe’s space ambition: 🚀 2028: 🇪🇺 Nyx cargo capsule docking with the ISS 🌕 2031: 🇪🇺 Argonaut lunar lander on the Moon 👨‍🚀 2036: 🇪🇺 European crewed capsule launching from Kourou The goal would be to build Europe’s own end-to-end human spaceflight capability. Extremely ambitious. As it should be.